The Annang/Ibibio Ufok Ndok (Secret Societies): Governance and Social Control

When we talk about the history of governance in Africa, our minds often run to chiefs, kings, councils of elders, or colonial administrators. But in many communities, real power and order were enforced not by men sitting on carved stools, but by societies that operated from behind the veil of secrecy. Among the Annang and … Read more

The Kingdom of Calabar: A Historical Overview of Its Rise and Decline

The Kingdom of Calabar, also known as the Efik Kingdom, was one of the most prominent and influential kingdoms in southeastern Nigeria, with a rich history that spans centuries. It flourished from the pre-colonial era to the early colonial period, significantly shaping the cultural, economic, and political landscape of the region. The kingdom, centered around … Read more